Which of the following Vedas provides information about the civilization of the Early Vedic Age?
(A). Rig-veda
(B). Yajur-veda
(C). Atharva-veda
(D). Sama-veda
Answer: (A). Rigveda
Explanation: The Rigveda, the oldest Vedic text (composed around 1500 BCE), provides valuable insights into the Early Vedic Age civilization. It describes a semi-nomadic society that gradually transitioned to agriculture and settled life. Key aspects include:
Society:
- The Rigveda mentions a patriarchal society with four varnas (social classes) emerging. Families were central, and tribal chiefs (rajas) ruled communities.
Economy:
- Agriculture and cattle rearing were primary occupations. Cows were a measure of wealth, and barter trade was common.
Religion:
- The Rigvedic people worshipped natural forces like Indra (god of war and rain), Agni (fire god), and Varuna (cosmic order). Rituals and yajnas were significant.
Warfare & Lifestyle:
- Frequent conflicts between tribes (like Aryans and Dasas) are mentioned. Warriors fought using chariots, bows, and arrows. Settlements were along rivers like Saraswati and Indus.
